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Rehabilitation of Sex Offenders - 1113 Words

There are several identifiable psychological factors that increase the likelihood an individual will demonstrate deviant sexual behavior. One of the most important contributing factors is physical or sexual abuse endured as a child. According to Becerra-Garcà ­a, Garcà ­a-Leà ³n and Egan (2012), sex offenders are twice as likely to report being sexually, emotionally, or physically abused as a child in comparison to other offenders. There are also other factors besides abuse that must be taken into consideration. A recent study on female sex offenders by Roe-Sepowitz and Krysik (2008) states, â€Å"the data reveal that many of the 118 female juvenile sex offenders came from chaotic and disorganized families and had poor parental supervision and†¦show more content†¦There is a misconception that therapy is essentially a way to get offenders out of prison quick and be their friend in prison. Therapy sessions should not be confused with support and sympathy of the sex offend er’s behavior (Fernandez, 2006, p. 188). The ideal approach should encourage prosocial behavior with firm boundaries and avoid conflict with offenders. Evaluation of Long-Term Effectiveness and Future Outlook Today, there is still much debate over the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; however, most researchers agree that the therapy is effective. According to Beck Institute, â€Å"Cognitive behavior therapy is one of the few forms of psychotherapy that has been scientifically tested and found to be effective in hundreds of clinical trials for many different disorders†. The therapy is more of a long-term solution for the individual seeking treatment because it provides them with skills that they may apply to their daily lives. Throughout the therapy term and even after, the individuals learn to identify their dysfunctional thinking patterns, correct their way of thinking about the situation, and move on with a new outlook and more positive behavior. However, cognitive behavior therapy may not yield the best results when used independently without medication. According to Cuijpers, Berking, Andersson, Quigley, Kleiboer, Dobson (2013), â€Å"Our current meta-analysis found that the combination of CBT and pharmacotherapy was superior to pharmacotherapyShow MoreRelatedRehabilitation Programmes For Male Sex Offenders884 Words   |  4 Pagesof male sex offenders across Australia both indigenous and non-indigenous population clearly indicate the need for rehabilitation programmes for male sex offenders. This article provides a brief overview of current and emerging approaches in order to treatment of male sex offenders and the role of the therapists in achieving the goal of treatments. Research supports the relevant application for an approach in which treatment is effective on the risk of recidivism exposed by male offenders. ResearchRead MoreRehabilitation Is Not Effective Treatment For Sex Offenders1853 Words   |  8 Pagesjai l time for their crimes. Rehab is not effective treatment for sex offenders. Often we see repeat offenders because of light sentencing by lenient judges. The children are left to deal with a lifetime of psychological, emotional, and/ or physical damage of these sex offenders. Rehab is not effective treatment for sex offenders. North Carolina prison system has developed rehab program for sex offenders called SOAR (Sexual Offender Accountability and Responsibility). The program is only at mediumRead MoreUsefulness of the United Kingdoms Rehablitation of Offenders Act1019 Words   |  5 PagesThe Rehablitation of Offenders Act 1974 has been put in place to ease offenders back into society and also make sure that offenders’, that are given under a 30 month prison sentence, convictions are spent. Therefore employers of the recent offender are not allowed to discriminate against that person, allowing the offender more opportunity to gain employment. This briefing note outlines the strengths and weaknesses of rehabilitating sex offenders. By analysing the literature and statistics surroundingRead MoreCriminal Justice Sex Offender Strategies Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pagesprofessionals use strategies to monitor sex offenders. The main three general categ ories of supervision are statutory mandates, treatment, and electronic monitoring devices. Due to the fact that sex offenders are the hardest to supervise, there needs to be effective strategies. This group is the hardest to supervise because a sexual act can occur at anytime and anywhere in a quick timeframe. Statutory Mandates The laws and sanctions that sex offenders must adhere to while under some type ofRead MoreSex Offenders And Sexual Offenders Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesto why there has been such interest around child sexual offenders in criminology. Furthermore, sexual offending tends to be seen as an attribute in an individual that is unchangeable, with this there is potential that some may see child sex offenders in a more unfavourable light when being compared to a murder. Considering the statement above, it is also believed that sexual offenders are more likely to re-offend than other type of offenders because this type of violence is abnormal and untreatableRead MoreCharacteristics Of Juvenile Sex Offenders892 Words   |  4 Pages Juvenile Sexual Offending Sex offenders are described as a person who commits a crime involving a sexual act. They are people convicted for sexual crime in a criminal court. Sex offenders make a high percentage of the offender population and are considered special circumstance offenders. Sex offenders typically use sex as a coping mechanism. Juvenile sex offenders are those age from adolescences to an adult, who committed a sexual act without consent both physically and verbally. The differenceRead MoreCorrections: From Rehabilitation to a More Punitive Model Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesCorrections Paper What changes led corrections away from rehabilitation and toward a more punitive model? Since World War II through the 1970s, many changes occurred in the United States correctional systems. Rehabilitation Model is a treatment program that was designed to reform the inmates. According to www.copower.org, â€Å"This model is similar to the medical model; it regards the person with a disability as in need of services from a rehabilitation professional who can provide training, therapy, counselingRead MoreResponse Paper On Sexual Offenders1653 Words   |  7 PagesSexual offenders refer to sexual acts against a victim’s will and includes a wide range of behaviors ranging from exposing oneself in a public place to rape. Probation and parole officers have the difficult task of working with sexual offenders and trying to help them during their rehabilitation process. From researching different sources, I have concluded that risk assessment, treatment, supervision, and restrictions/registration have effectively helped by working with sexual offenders in the community Read MoreAb109 Paper949 Words   |  4 Pagesoverpopulated 33 prisons. The cause ab109 and ab117 to be put into place was a lawsuit Plata vs. Schwarzenegger fact that California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation was in violation of the eight amendments, the American with Disabilities Act and section 504 rehabilitation act of 1973. The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation medical services repeatedly violated. Which this happen it was decided by a three judge penal of the U.S. Supreme court they concluded in a 184 page reportRead MoreOn How Rehabilitation Can Benefit a Community and Also Potentially Put Them in Danger909 Words   |  4 PagesRehabilitation in the community can either be a good thing or a bad thing depending on how the person looking at it, some people may say its good because they get to get out of jail faster and get help in trying to get a job and maintain that job. And some people can say its bad because they get out of jail to soon and risk the possibility of him or her going back to there ways and committing another crime because the temptation is still there. Through out this essay I will be talking about how the

How Is Tension Created free essay sample

‘Romeo and Juliet’ is the story of two star-crossed lovers who take their life. Their families, Capulet and Montague, are at a great, ancient feud; however Romeo and Juliet fall passionately in love ignoring the fact that they are, by household, enemies. The play was written in 1595, for an Elizabethan audience, and was performed at the Globe Theatre. Romeo and Juliet is set in Verona, Italy; Italy being a common setting for plays around the time for the great interest in Italian culture and an art movement known as the Renaissance. A strong factor of the play is fate and whether or not it causes an impact on the character’s lives. Many critics were confused as to what the moral of the play was, and debated on whether Shakespeare was putting a point across about how injudicious behaviour can result in your downfall; or whether fate will choose the path to lead despite whatever you may do to stop it. This is left to the audience to interpret for themselves. During the previous act: Act 2 Scene 6, Romeo and Juliet are married in secret by Friar Lawrence. The atmosphere in the scenes are juxtaposed, as Act 3 Scene 1 is extremely tense and ultimately becomes the matter of the play; initially a comedy, transformed in to a tragedy. The moods in each of the scenes contrast completely; one of love and unanimity and the other of death and anguish; these two scenes deliberately conflict love and hate, the main themes of the play. Act 3 Scene 1 begins in a â€Å"public place† of Verona – it was against the law to fight in public at that time so the fact that it is illegal makes the audience feel nervous. The atmosphere from the off is very tense, and the unravelling events foreshadow what will beget the remainder of the scene. Benvolio is worried that Mercutio will meet the Capulets and a vicious fight will break out. â€Å"For now these hot days, is the mad blood stirring. † This line would disconcert the audience and make them uneasy as many Elizabethans were superstitious in that they believed the weather could affect their moods; on hot days, the sun was said to worsen a person’s temper. ‘Hot days’ and ‘mad blood’ are unsettling phrases that will have an unnerving affect on the audience right from the start. However, the atmosphere is reassured after Benvolio’s opening speech, as Mercutio makes light of Benvolio’s fears. The opening of the scene echoes the beginning of the play, where the servants of the Montagues are having fun and talking, just before the Capulets arrive; this would make an audience tense as they recollect that Act 1 Scene 1 ended in a brawl. Another way that makes audience feels tense is the fact that Mercutio is being his usual bawdy self. â€Å"†¦thou art as hot a Jack in thy mood as any in Italy, and as soon moved to be moody, and as soon moody be moved. Mercutio is speaking in blank verse; this is important because Mercutio is a very comical character and doesn’t respect anyone, including Tybalt who is about to enter. When Tybalt does finally arrive, Mercutio is deliberately antagonistic, â€Å"And but one word with one of us? Couple it with something; make it a word and a blow. † Here, Mercutio is fundamentally asking Tybalt to p hysically fight him, so the audience expect this. Tybalt will be willing to fight as the Montague boys turned up uninvited to a Capulet ball. Another thing that would make the audience even more anxious is the fact that â€Å"fiery† Tybalt is known for his rage. Mercutio uses language against Tybalt by punning on the word â€Å"consort’st† implying that Tybalt is saying they are musicians. He then carries on the metaphor by referring to his sword as a â€Å"fiddlestick† and getting ready to fight. By Mercutio drawing his sword, the audience would feel trepidation as it is getting closer to the actual fight. Benvolio’s reaction is panicky as he knows that a brawl in public is illegal. â€Å"Either withdraw unto some private place, / And reason coldly of your grievances or else depart; here all eyes gaze on us. † As usual, Benvolio is speaking in blank-verse as what he is saying is important. The fact that Romeo appears on stage would make the audience feel uneasy as he is the catalyst that causes Tybalt’s anger. The pace is very fast: â€Å"Romeo, the hate I bear thee can afford / No better term than this, thou art a villain. † Tybalt is quick to insult Romeo; â€Å"villain† is a huge insult to someone of aristocratic status. Romeo further insights Tybalt’s anger by declaring his â€Å"love† for Juliet – Tybalt’s cousin. This is dramatic irony as the audience know why Romeo has said this as he has married into the Capulet family, however Tybalt does not know this. Mercutio who has been watching, jumps to Romeo’s defence declaring his intention to fight, â€Å"O calm, dishonourable, vile submission! / Alla stoccata carries it away. † The fact he is speaking in blank-verse for the first time tells the audience how serious his intentions are. Mercutio has been hurt and through his rage, curses both Capulet and Montague households, â€Å"A plague o’both your houses! I am sped. / is he gone, and hath nothing? † by mentioning the plague in Elizabethan times, this would be contentious as the Elizabethans suffered from the Black Plague. Images of poison are frequent throughout the play, for example â€Å"cankered hate† spreading the feeling of hatred. The audience is left in suspense due to Mercutio’s departure as they are left to wonder whether he will survive. This is a very significant episode of the play as it changes the theme from a comedy to a tragedy. Mercutio’s death sparks a change in Romeo, â€Å"O sweet Juliet, / Thy beauty hath made me effeminate. † Considering how loving Romeo has been before, this is a significant change to his attitude. â€Å"And fire eyed fury be my conduct now! † the plosives in this sentence show his anger; he has chosen the feud over love.

Organizational Change Work

Question: Discuss kotters eight scale for successful large-Scale change and explain kotters See, Feel, Change. Answer: Introduction: The Heart of Change Discussing Kotters eight Scale for Successful Large-Scale Change The right step model of Kotter is emphasising that how large-scale organizational change can be done in successful manner. Following is the discussion regarding successful implication of all the steps. Step 1: Create Urgency In order to conduct a successful change, it is highly important to create urgency for the change required. In this process, leaders need to communicate with the internal stakeholders for sharing organizational facts and statistics (Ahn, Adamson Dornbusch, 2004). In other words, leaders are solely responsible for conveying information regarding what is going wrong within the organization along with the possible procedures for overcoming the threats. Step 2: Form a Powerful Coalition In this step of this model, leaders need to form a team for leading the change. Moreover, leaders should convince people for taking necessary action regarding the change. The team generated should be versatile in nature (Griffith-Cooper King, 2007). It helps the leaders to engage teamwork for implementing formed strategy in a successful manner. Step 3: Vision for Change After forming a team, leaders need to convey the overall vision for empowering motivation level of the workforce. It helps the employees to understand that for what they are involving their concentration towards the change. The vision should be clear and easy to understand to the employees (Mehanna, Olaleye Licitra 2012). Step 4: Communicate the vision After accomplishing the above steps, leaders need to communicate their vision to the employees at random basis. This process ensures that confliction within the workforce will not take place during the change (Jacobs, van Witteloostuijn Christe-Zeyse, 2013). Step 5: remove Obstacles In order to get successful result, a continuous risk assessment activity should implemented by the leader. It helps the leaders to identify the obstacles at early stage of occurrence (Mehanna, Olaleye Licitra, 2012). Therefore, in this process, reducing negative impact of the barriers is possible. Step 6: Create Short-Term Wins This step of this model suggests that leaders should build short-term objectives along with long-term objectives. Moreover, leaders should conduct events for celebrating success of the short-term objectives (Griffith-Cooper King, 2007). It motivates the workforce in an effective manner. Step 7: Build on the Change This step of Kotters model is suggesting that leaders should focus on the long-term objectives rather than the short-term objectives. Therefore, leaders need to continue the change management process even after getting successful outcome from the short-term objectives (Ahn, Adamson Dornbusch, 2004). Step 8: Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture In this step of change model, leaders should maintain a corporate culture for maintaining the activities of change. After changing the organizational culture, leaders need to share the success story with the employees for conveying information regarding how the changes affected the organizational profitability positively (Mehanna, Olaleye Licitra 2012). Explaining Kotters See, Feel, Change The See, Feel and Change concept of Kotter is emphasising that leaders need to follow three basic steps for initiating change within the organization. In the first step, leaders should define the need of change in front of the workforce. Thus, workforce can able to see the actual requirements regarding why the change is required (Griffith-Cooper King, 2007). In second step, leaders explain the need of performing change within the organization. In this manner, the employees can be able to feel the urgency of the proposed change. The final step is regarding how people are taking the requirements of change and performing the change accordingly. Reference List Ahn,M., Adamson,J.,Dornbusch,D. (2004)From leaders to leadership :Managing change. JournalofLeadershipandOrganizationalStudies,10(4),112-123. Griffith-Cooper,B.,King,K.(2007).Thepartnershipbetweenprojectmanagementand organizationalchange:Integratingchangemanagementwithchangeleadership.Performance Improvement,46(1),14-20.doi:10.1002/pfi.034 Mehanna, H., Olaleye, O. Licitra, L., (2012). Oropharyngeal canceris it time to change management according to human papilloma virus status?.Current opinion in otolaryngology head and neck surgery,20(2), 120-124 Jacobs, G., van Witteloostuijn, A. Christe-Zeyse, J., (2013). A theoretical framework of organizational change.Journal of Organizational Change Management,26(5), 772-792.

Chapter 13 Flashcard

Chapter 13

The Best Currency Exchange Methods for Every Situation

The Best Currency Exchange Methods for Every Situation SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re planning a trip to another country, you’ve probably spent a lot of time thinking about the airline you’ll fly, the hotel or AirBnB you’ll stay in, the food you’ll eat, and the fun new things you’ll get to experience. You might not, on the other hand, have thought too much about how you’ll get money on your trip. Despite the fact that currency conversion is a decidedly less interesting travel topic than the best place to go zip-lining, it’s important to understand the costs associated with changing money. Currency exchange requires some time and effort, so it’s necessary to plan ahead or you risk getting stuck with heavy fees. In this article, I’ll cover the basics of how currency exchange works and what you should consider when deciding where and how to change money. How Currency Conversion Works If you’re traveling, sending money to another country, or buying, selling, or trading foreign currency, you’ll need to change your money from one currency to another in a transaction called a currency exchange. Currency exchange tells you what one country’s money is worth in terms of another country’s money. All currencies have different values, which change daily based on different factors like inflation, economic stability, and interest rates. When you exchange currency, you’re trading in a certain amount of money in one currency for the equivalent amount of money in another currency. Currency exchange rates aren’t fixed. Rather, they’re constantly changing. The rate at which you exchange two currencies one day may be different than the rate at which you exchange the same two currencies the next day. Because currency exchange rates change so often, it’s important to understand the best ways to buy, sell, and trade currencies so you get the best deal. Factors to Consider for Currency Exchange There are a lot of fees associated with currency conversion. Read on to learn the three factors that affect currency exchange fees so you can make sure you’re getting the best deal. #1: Explicit Fees Most methods that you’ll use to exchange money will come with a set, explicit fee. You can think about this fee as the cost of doing the business of currency exchange. For instance, you may have to pay a $30 fee to wire money from your bank to a foreign bank. Or, you may be charged a 1% fee to convert your currency at an airport currency exchange teller. Consider these fees when deciding where to exchange your money. A 1% fee may sound more attractive than a flat dollar amount, but could add up to more if you’re exchanging large amounts of money. #2: Conversion Rate Conversion rates almost always differ from the wholesale currency exchange rate. So, for instance, if the wholesale market is charging $1.10 USD per one euro, a bank or currency exchange company like Travelex may charge $1.105 or $1.110 USD per one euro. Again, while this deviation in conversion rate may seem small, it adds up, particularly if you’re exchanging a large amount of money. #3: Convenience The idea of convenience is more nebulous than conversion rates or explicit fees. Convenience is basically the value of your time and effort to exchange money. For instance, if your current bank charges $1.110 USD per one euro, and a different bank charges $1.105 per one euro, it’s probably not worth it to go to the different bank just to save $0.005. Similarly, you need to consider how accessible currency exchange is where you live. If your local bank will exchange currency, that's a solid option. However, if you need to travel three hours out of your way to find a bank that'll change your money, you may just want to wait to change money at the airport. You’ll want to weigh the value of comfort, ease, and convenience versus actual monetary savings. Best Currency Conversion Options In this section, I’ll detail the top currency exchange options for a number of different situations. Best Foreign Exchange Options While Traveling If you’re traveling, you’ll want to make sure changing currency is cheap and convenient. The best option is to withdraw cash as you go on your trip from ATMs. In this section, I’ll describe the most common currency exchange options for travelers. ATMs The most cost efficient way to exchange money in a foreign country is to withdraw money from an ATM. If you have a commonly accepted ATM card, like a Visa or Mastercard, you can likely withdraw money from a foreign ATM while traveling. ATMs are highly prevalent throughout the world and any country that receives even a small number of foreign tourists will have ATMs at least in the airport that you can withdraw cash from. However, there are some downsides to withdrawing from a foreign ATM. First, you can be slapped with fees if you withdraw from a foreign ATM. In addition to a small flat fee for using the ATM in the first place, you’ll likely have a foreign transaction fee that adds between 1-5% to the total amount of your withdrawal. Consider opening an account at a bank like Charles Schwab, for instance, that doesn't charge international transaction fees. Second, it can be difficult to find ATMs that accept U.S. debit cards in some places. While the vast majority of countries with tourists have numerous options for withdrawing cash, some rural or less well-traveled areas may not have cash readily available. You may want to bring some with you, just in case, or withdraw a larger amount when you do visit an ATM so you don't get stuck. Airport Kiosks Airport kiosks are convenient, ubiquitous, and, often, a huge ripoff. Airport kiosks often offer poor exchange rates and high fees for exchanging cash. However, you can use them as a last resort if you need cash on hand when you enter a country. Normally, you can either bring cash to exchange or withdraw cash from your ATM debit or credit card. If you have your ATM card with you, I'd recommend visiting an ATM rather than withdrawing from an airport kiosk. Credit Cards Credit cards are a solid option for paying for things you buy abroad without cash. There are tons of travel credit cards out there that don't charge international transaction fees, so if you can get one of those, I'd recommend using your credit card as much as possible. You can also commonly withdraw cash as a cash advance from your credit card. However, most credit cards charge cash advance fees and higher interest rates on cash withdrawals. If you decide to use your credit card abroad, I'd stick to using it on credit card transactions and withdraw money with your debit card instead. Cash Conversion Banks and credit unions often offer the most favorable conversion rates and limited to no fees if you exchange with a teller. Banks and credit unions, however, often exchange only widely used and popular currencies, such as the peso or the euro. If you’re looking for a less common currency, you might not be able to conduct a currency exchange at your bank. Before going to your bank, be sure to look up their currency exchange policies online or speak to a representative over the phone. You want to confirm that your branch a) actually offers currency conversion services, and b) carries the currency you need. Best Foreign Exchange Options for Sending Money to a Foreign Country Sending money to a foreign country can be expensive, with lots of hidden fees. In general, your best options are wire or online transfers, which often have flat fees. You can also use PayPal or Western Union if you have to, which charge a percentage fee. Wire/Online Transfers Wire transfers, which you can make in person or over the phone at a bank, or online transfers, which you can make using your online banking account, are the best options for sending money abroad. Most banks and credit unions only charge a small flat fee for wire transfers (typically between $15 - $30), so if you’re moving a large amount of money, you’ll save on fees by transferring directly from your bank. Wire and online transfers also allow you to transfer more money at one time than using a third party service like PayPal or Western Union. If you’re sending money to a foreign bank, you’ll need information from the recipient, including the name and address of their financial institution, as well as a SWIFT or IBAN number. PayPal PayPal is a solid option for transferring money to foreign accounts, but does come with more fees than most wire or online transfers. For transactions under $3,000, you’ll pay a 2.9% fee, plus a $0.30 per transaction charge. Larger transfers incur less of a fee, but are more restricted. If you want to make a larger transaction, you’ll have to go through additional identity verification steps. Western Union Western Union charges a flat rate for transferring money to another account. Their fees are typically higher than those at most banks and credit unions. You’ll also be charged an exchange rate on transfers made on international funds. Unfortunately, most Western Union foreign transactions don’t receive a favorable exchange rate. Best Foreign Exchange Options for Currency Trading Currency trading is a complicated, fast-paced business. If you’re looking for a forex broker, consider one of the following options. Oanda Oanda is a strong trading platform that offers a large selection of currency pairs (90+). Oanda is friendly to newer traders, as it has a $0 account minimum and no requirements for minimum trade lot. Oanda also had the lowest spread markup on commissions across the seven major currency pairs. Ameritrade TD Ameritrade is the leader in currency exchange, with an unmatched selection of currency pairs and lots of tools for investors. Trades will be subject to commissions, however, and TD Ameritrade has an account minimum of $2,000. Best Options for Buying and Selling Foreign Cash in the US Back from your trip with lots of foreign cash still in hand? Consider these methods for buying and selling foreign currency in the United States. Your Bank Banks will likely offer you the best deal on buying back currency, but may not buy back all types of currency. Airport Kiosks If your bank won’t buy back your money, airport kiosks will buy almost all types of currency. But, you probably won’t get a great exchange rate, but at least you won’t be stuck with cash you can’t use! Current Currency Exchange Rates Check out the chart below for current currency exchange rates, as well as the current currency exchange rate at Travelex. Note, rates are constantly changing. I included these so you could see how the Travelex rate differs from the stated daily exchange rate. Currency Exchange Rate ($1 USD =) Travelex Rate Canadian Dollar 1.3274 1.1757 Mexican Peso 18.00027 15.9987 European Euro 0.8934 0.8146 British Pound 0.7814 0.7141 Chinese Yuan 6.84 6.0283 Japanese Yen 111.28 98.9324 Australian Dollar 1.32 1.1639 Russian Ruble 59.45 49.9108 Swiss Franc 0.9693 0.8741 South African Rand 12.91 11.1990 In Summary Changing money can be a complicated, but necessary process. If you’re exchanging your currency, you’ve got a number of different options, depending on how much money you need and which currency you’re exchanging. Be sure to do your research or risk getting saddled with unexpected and hefty extra fees.

Religious-Discrimination Claims on the Rise Article

Religious-Discrimination Claims on the Rise - Article Example Managers are torn between respecting strict religious doctrines observed by employees and balancing between codes of dressings as envisaged in the firm’s organizational culture. The continued intermixing of work and faith creates a complex scenario for managers. The situation is worse when employees are expected to perform their duties that contradict with their faiths. For instance, transportation companies are finding it difficult to have Muslim and some Christians drivers transport alcohol and other products that contradict their faith. One of the factors that have been said to lead to employees’ increased advocacy for their rights is increased immigrants in the country. As people sharing a similar faith increase, they gain power and courage to sanction managers to respect their religious rights in organizations. This explains the doubling of religious discrimination cases in the last 15 years, as reported by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. However, cons idering that most religious discrimination cases are brought by immigrants, the reported cases are way below other discriminations based on age and sex. The low figures may also be explained from the view that most people are afraid of negative publicity and losing their jobs. Employees in such a case will carry out their duties to maintain their careers. On the same, note most reported cases involve the code of dressing and objection to carrying out duties that contradict with one’s faith of allegiance, compared to a case that involve refusal to observe worship days. This is because organizations do try to observe days of worship for different employees, though the code of dressing affects the company’s looks to its clients, and refusals to carry out allocated duties may imply absconding from duties. For instance, a Muslim faithful expected to transport alcohol from one point to the other is deemed by the company to have absconded from duty if he/she refuses to comply with such orders. This is the reason behind increased cases of religious discrimination reported to the EEOC. Federal court rulings have increased managers’ dilemmas as they have interpreted the law against discrimination in favor of the complainant, requiring companies to pay fines for not respecting people‘s beliefs. For instance, Abercrombie was required to pay a $71000 fine for refusing to hire two women wearing a hijab. To the company, such hijab were against their culture but to the federal courts, the company discriminated against the two women. This has added to the precarious situation that most managers face today. However, though EECO has tried to minimize such cases by talking to companies about the right to observe religious beliefs, companies have found a loophole to win these cases. Abercrombie got a reprieve from the Federal Appeals Court, which observed that the complainants had not indicated in writing that the head scarfs were of religious significan ce. Therefore, the company had not discriminated against the two. Therefore, the main requirement for such employees to get the right to exercise their religion is to request for accommodation, which the company would consider granting or not based on written submissions. Though the Civil Right Act of 1964 requires that employees accommodate employees from different faiths unless such accommodation may lead to hardships, the act is vague in the description of hardships. Consequently, it is upon the company to advance enough